Topics Covered:

• Acid/Base Definitions (3 Kinds)

• Strong Acids (7) and Bases (10)

• Successive Ionization

• Acid/Base Properties

• Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

• Amphoteric/Amphiprotic Subtances

• Equivalent Mass

• Self-Ionization of Water

• Kw, pH, & pOH

  • pH Significant Figures

• Ka & Kb

• Comparative Strength of Acids/Bases

• Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

• Sample Problems

Testing Tips:

This is supposedly the hardest unit. Memorize and understand the basics. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is critical.

Topics Covered:

• Conjugate Acid/Base Pair Dissociation

• Titration

• Acid/Base Indicators

• Titration Curves (& Examples)

• 5 Key Points of Titration Curves (How to Find, Examples, & Significance)

  • Initial pH

  • Buffer Region

  • Half-Equivalence Point

  • Equivalence Point

  • Excess Titrant Region

• Percent Ionization/Dissociation

• Common Ion Effect

• Oxyacids & Carboxylic Acids

Testing Tips:

Knowing how to find all 5 points of the curve is the most important takeaway from the unit.

Topics Covered:

• Salts and pH

• Buffers

  • How They Work

  • Equations for Acids vs Bases

  • Buffer Range vs Buffer Capacity

• How to Prepare Buffers

• Buffer Calculations (Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation!)

Testing Tips:

Multiple choice questions often ask specific buffer questions like "which of these ways WON'T make a buffer" or "find the buffer pH."